In this unique situation, environmental degradation is a specific instance of utilization or generation externalities reflected by uniqueness amongst private and social. Nios environment, scattered topics from ncert, shankar environment. Read this article to learn about the biodegradation and bioremediation in details with diagrams. Environmental degradation refers to the deterioration of physical components of the environment brought in by human activities to such an extent that it cannot be set right by self regulatory mechanism of environment. These upsc notes on environment and related topics are prepared by subject matter experts keeping the civil services exam in mind. Starts off slowly, but eventually increases very rapidly.
Degradation of environment is one of the most serious challenges before the mankind in todays world. Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment. For information on reusing text from wikipedia, please see the terms of use. Environmental degradation is of many types and have many consequences. One should not study a whole book on environment for mains i recently mentioned a book on facebook, but that is for prelims. Whilst soil degradation is recognised as a major aspect of land degradation, other processes which affect the productive capacity of cropland, rangeland and forests, such as lowering of the water table and deforestation, are captured by the concept of land degradation. It does not attempt to cover the full range of social issues associated with all types of environmental degradation. Notes on soil pollution home environmental pollution. Continuing problems of pollution, loss of forget, solid waste disposal, degradation of environment, issues like economic productivity and national security, global warming. Deforestation, clearance, clearcutting or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a nonforest use. One of the main causes of environmental degradation is population explosion or rapid growth of population. Causes and effects of environmental degradation conserve. Section 3 of the act refers to persons subject to tax. Table 1 gives an overview of the different groups of refrigerants.
You may have also observed that small water bodies that existed some time ago are no longer seen now. In the year 1987, the world commission on environment and development wced is introduced the term sustainable development in its report our common future the brundtland commission. Biodegradation basically involves the conversion of complex organic molecules to simpler and mostly nontoxic ones. Environmentalism, a social and environmental movement, addresses environmental issues through. The environment consists of earth, water, air, plants and animals. Chlorofluorocarbons or the cfc are the main cause of ozone layer depletion.
The devastating effects of environmental degradation a. Years of hardwon progress can be wiped out by even smallscale conflicts or natural disasters arriving at the sdgs the mdgs galvanised unprecedented efforts to address global development challenges 4. The pressure of population on land has increased at a high speed. Instead, drawing particularly on unrisd work, it focuses largely on the social impacts of and responses to environmental degradation in rural areas of the third world. Globalization has also resulted in environmental damage and emergence of organized crime and violence, as undesirable consequences. The survival of any organism requires a steady supply of materials and removal of waste products from its environment. About 31% of earths land surface is covered by forests. On the other hand, everything nonliving like air, water, rocks, sun, etc. The environment means natural world and its surroundings. Environmental pollution and degradation, causes of. The main causes responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer are listed below. Environment 2019 notes are fully revised and updated. Short paragraph on environmental degradation 270 words. Wikipedia when the environment becomes less valuable or damaged, environmental degradation is said to occur.
Brief note on the concept of sustainable development. Short notes on environmental degradation causes, types. The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies 9 way in which the government can perform all these cleanup functions. If we pollute them, then the existence of man and nature will be hampered. Land degradation is, however, difficult to grasp in its totality. The increased temperatures result from heat produced by microorganisms during the degradation of the organic material in the waste. Moreover, what is important in the identification of the transmission channels is to have. Notes on application of the mark scheme for section a. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of natural resources such as air, water and soil. Buy environment notes for upsc ias civil services exam by. The subject of environmental economics is at the forefront of the green debate.
Presentation on environmental degradation s y b com presented by veenith soman shreyas dani vijay choughule vipul kale submitted to mrs. Land and land resources refer to a delineable area of the earths terrestrial surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere immediately above or below this surface, including those of the nearsurface climate, the soil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes and swamps, the nearsurface. Fortunately, topics are clearly mentioned in the syllabus. The industrial revolution of 19th century mechanized the production and manufacturing of goods and introduced the use of. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of. Environmental degradation and social integration united nations. The degradation of the environment has become a serious problem for the existence of human beings. Environmental degradation and disaster management social science notes 26 environmental degradation and disaster management if you live in a village, you would have seen the trees being cut for using the land to grow crops or to construct houses. Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the earths. This short booklet gives an overview of the sdgs and suggests some actions for coming years.
Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising on the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Essays on environmental degradation and economic development. The humanbeings, plants, animals and other living beings operate in the environment. Pdf the subject of environmental economics is at the forefront of the green debate. Environmental pollution is the biggest menace to the human race on this planet today.
Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the natural environment on the individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and humans. Eutrophication is a serious environmental problem since it results in a deterioration of water quality and is one of the major impediments to achieving the quality objectives established by the water framework directive 200060ec at the european level. Pdf our environment is deteriorating for the last two centuries and almost every part of. The main reasons responsible for environmental degradation are as follows.
Environment and sustainable development notes module 8 contemporary economic issues 102 influence each other in nature. Upsc civil services mains syllabus actually has less topics on environment. Environment and ecology notes for upsc environment notes. Sustainable development goals in 2015, the world agreed a new set of global goals to eradicate. It is the prevention of environment degradation in which we must all take part that must become a part of all our lives. It is the result of developmental processes of economic and technological activities of man. The term cost means the opportunity cost to society, i. Human societies everywhere are closely linked to their natural. Biodegradation or biological degradation is the phenomenon of biological transformation of organic compounds by living organisms, particularly the microorganisms. Environment refers to the surrounding both living and nonliving of the livings species. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. There exists dynamic triangular relationship among three keys viz. Economicsthe story of development class 10 notes social. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use.
An integrative applied science that draws upon nearly all of the natural sciences to address environmental quality and health issues. Environmental engineering online lectures, notes, solutions, class notes environment. Environmental studies land resources tutorialspoint. Environmental pollution is any discharge of material or energy into water, land, or air that causes or may cause acute shortterm or chronic longterm detriment to the earths ecological. Air pollution monitoring and source categorization. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil. Environmental studies pdf notes es pdf notes smartzworld. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and. Just as for any disease, prevention is bet ter than cure. Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial waste, resource consumption patterns. Environmental degradation comes about due to erosion and decline of the quality of the natural environment. Cbse quick revision note for class10 social science, chemistry, maths, biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. Environmental degradation, to a large scale, is the result of market failure, namely the nonexistent or poorly functioning markets for environmental goods and services.
Environmental impact of the refrigeration and air conditioning sectors refrigerants refrigerants pose a threat to the environment because of their ozone depletion potential odp and global warming potential gwp. Useful for gs1 geography climate change related concepts, gs3 conservation, degradation, pollution etc. Land being destroyed environmental degradation shown by soil erosion, desertification and salinisation. Michelsen institute t he environmental refugee has appeared in the literature on environment and security, and with it the refugee as both a cause and victim of conflict. Exponential growth value of something increases by a fixed percentage of the whole each time i. The primary cause of environmental degradation is human disturbance. Here is your paragraph on environmental degradation. Not only the areas under human inhabitation, but the areas of the planet without human population have also been suffering from these problems. The need for sustainable development is a key to the future of mankind. The ozone layer depletion is a major concern and is associated with a number of factors. However, these studies have been few and isolated and it is interesting to note that until recently, there has been very little indepth coordinated empirical research in the economics of environmental degradation. Mankind has been facing a wide range of problems arising out of the degradation of environment. Environment, biodiversity material for upsc civil services. All the living elements like birds, animals, plants, forests, etc.
Composting is a process by which organic wastes are degraded by mi croorganisms, typically at elevated temperatures. Restrictions the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. The deterioration of the environment by natural or human forces is known as environmental degradation. Environmental degradation, migration and conflict astri suhrke chr. Environmental degradation is the disintegration of the earth or deterioration of the environment through consumption of. The environment creates favourable conditions for the existence and development of living organisms. The goal of sustainable development is an outcome achieved through joint effort among several interrelated parameters and requiring coordination at both vertical and horizontal levels. Short notes on environmental degradation causes, types and conservations. The importance of environmental science and environmental studies cannot be disputed. The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection pdf. Environment and ecology notes for upsc prelims exam and ias mains.
Whether economic growth is good or bad for the environment has since long been a matter of fierce. Meenakshi madam slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The environmental studies notes pdf es notes pdf book starts with the topics covering need for public awareness, natural resources and associated problems, structure and functions of an ecosystem, ecosystem diversity, solid waste management. It is caused directly or indirectly by anthropogenic activities that extract various environmental resources at a faster rate than they are replaced, and thus depleting them. Environmental pollution is any discharge of material or energy into water, land, or air that causes or may cause acute short term or chronic longterm detriment to the earths. What are causes and effects of environmental degradation. Environment comes from the french word environ which means surroundings. Ozone layer depletion cause, effects, and solutions. For a holistic approach to ias preparation, check out the links at the bottom of the article. Some fear environmental degradation will produce waves of. Environmental degradation refers to the deterioration in the physical component of the environment, mainly due to biological processes, but more especially due to human activity, to such a great extent that it cannot be easily restored by the selfregulatory mechanism or homeostatic mechanism of the environment. Land pollution is the degradation of the earths land surface through misuse of the soil.
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